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How Much Do You Really Know about Vitamin C?
Posted on 2012-05-17 06:12:00
Perhaps the most well-known vitamin, and one that is frequently cited as vital to good health, but what is Vitamin C exactly? Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid is a key nutrient and antioxidant essential to our diet. When our bodies contain more free radicals than antioxidants, our bodies are said to be under oxidative stress [1]. Health issues that can arise from oxidative stress include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease and diabetes [2,3,4]. Vitamin C can help to protect the body against oxidative stress, by raising the levels of antioxidants in the body.
Many animals can synthesize Vitamin C in their bodies; however, humans have lost the ability to do so. One possible reason is that rapid evolutionary changes in humans caused us to lose the capability to produce our own Vitamin C supply [5,6,7], so we must stock up on the Vitamin through the consumption of fruits, vegetables and meats. Because our bodies can only store certain quantities of Vitamin C, it needs to be consumed on a regular basis, or diseases associated with Vitamin C deficiency such as scurvy may develop. However, scurvy is no longer a health issue associated with modern day Western society, since sufficient quantities of Vitamin C are consumed in a diet rich with vegetables and fruits.
If this is the case, then why is Vitamin C still so important? There are other chronic diseases associated with low consumption of Vitamin C such as cancer, heart disease and cataracts. One study found that in order to protect the body against these diseases, a daily intake of 90-100mg is required, higher than the 45mg prescribed against scurvy [8].
In addition to its antioxidant properties, Vitamin C has been found in high concentration in immune cells and it is consumed quickly during infections. It is also a natural antihistamine, preventing histamine release in the body and also detoxifying histamines already present in the body. This process can be helpful to people who suffer allergies or asthma. One study found that 2g of Vitamin C per day reduced levels of histamine in the blood [9].
The National American Dietary Reference Intake recommends a daily consumption of 90mg-1g per day [10]. The most effective method of keeping our Vitamin C levels high is through a healthy diet. Most fruits and vegetables, such as citrus fruits and rose hips, are very high in Vitamin C, and some meats, such as liver, also contain a good quantity. The extra intake of Vitamin C through supplements is not necessary for healthy adults who eat a balanced diet full of fruits and vegetables; however it is strongly recommended for pregnant women, smokers and those under stress (everyone?).
I personally take Cataplex C by Standard Process, a whole food form of vitamin C (more info here).
References Used:
[1] McGregor, GP; Biesalski, HK (2006). "Rationale and impact of vitamin C in clinical nutrition". Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 9 (6): 697–703.
[2] Kelly, FJ (1998). "Use of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of disease". Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry / IFCC 10 (1): 21–3.
[3] Mayne, ST (2003). "Antioxidant nutrients and chronic disease: use of biomarkers of exposure and oxidative stress status in epidemiologic research". The Journal of nutrition 133 Suppl 3: 933S–940S.
[4] Tak, PP; Zvaifler, NJ; Green, DR; Firestein, GS (2000). "Rheumatoid arthritis and p53: how oxidative stress might alter the course of inflammatory diseases". Immunology today 21 (2): 78–82.
[5] Challem, J; Taylor, EW (1998). "Retroviruses, Ascorbate, and Mutations, in the Evolution of Homo sapiens". Free Radical Biology and Medicine 25 (1): 130–2.
[6] Bánhegyi, G; Braun, L; Csala, M; Puskás, F; Mandl, J (1997). "Ascorbate Metabolism and Its Regulation in Animals". Free Radical Biology and Medicine 23 (5): 793–803.
[7] Stone, I (1979). "Homo sapiens ascorbicus, a biochemically corrected robust human mutant". Medical Hypotheses 5 (6): 711–21.
[8] A.C. Carr, B. Frei, "Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 69, No. 6, 1086-1107, June 1999.
[9] Johnston, Carol S.; Martin, L. J.; Cai, X. (1992). "Antihistamine effect of supplemental ascorbic acid and neutrophil chemotaxis". Am Coll Nutr11 (2): 172–176.
[10] http://web.archive.org/web/20080529070818/http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/7/296/webtablevitamins.pdf Accessed October 2011
Are You Eating a Breakfast of Champions?
Posted on 2012-04-18 14:36:14
We all know we should eat a "good breakfast". It is unlikely that most of you ate a good breakfast this morning.1 Breakfast is frequently a mere cup of coffee for most of you. Or possibly a glass of orange juice and a bagel or a muffin. Maybe a "breakfast sandwich" at a fast-food chain. Regardless, not many of our choices can be construed as nutrition that will support us in being the champions that we want to be.Everyone knows why a good breakfast is important. First, your gas tank is near empty. If you don't refuel, you'll be running on fumes. Every cell in your body requires high-quality nutrition. Most especially, your brain cells and your muscle cells require plenty of glucose. If you don't have enough energy in your fuel tank, your body feels sluggish and your brain feels as if it's trying to swim upstream against a strong current. Worse, you don't have enough cellular energy to sweep away the metabolic end-products that build up from normal functioning. You can't do maintenance and toxins accumulate. Now you need even more energy to deal with the toxic build-up and a vicious circle develops. You feel run-down, you develop muscle tension and a headache, and your whole day starts to deteriorate. This scenario is typical for many people and it continues day after day. Projecting into the future, the long-term results include diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and overweight/obesity.2 What can be done?
For those of us who recognize a problem and are willing to take action on our own behalf, the first step is to be willing to actually eat a nutritious breakfast. We want food that will help us be healthy, rather than "food" that instead adds to our health-related problems. If we choose to take such action, we can follow several easy guidelines. An energy-filled breakfast could consist of whole-grain cereals, fruit, eggs, nuts, and possibly even meat.3 Not all of this, certainly, but enough to make a breakfast consisting of 300 or 400 calories with fat, carbs and protein evenly distributed. The prospect seems daunting, particularly when breakfast has been an afterthought for many years. But the process actually becomes easy once you get used to having this meal.
For example, two slices of whole-grain toast plus a tablespoon of peanut butter and a tablespoon of organic jam makes a great breakfast. You've got approximately 300 calories and you're combining protein, good fat and complex carbohydrates. Or two scrambled eggs and a side of 1/2 cup of steel-cut oatmeal (that you've prepared overnight - I personally use a croc pot) with cinnamon or even a tablespoon of honey mixed in. This meal, too, provides approximately 300 calories and an energy-producing combination of protein and complex carbohydrates. You get the idea - a creative, attractive small meal that is composed of complex carbohydrates, good fat and protein. You've now consumed an energy source that will be "slow-burning" and provide high-quality fuel for the next three to four hours. You're ready to have a great morning of productive activity.
Being healthy takes work. It doesn't happen by chance. Having a good breakfast, a "breakfast of champions", is a key component of this overall, life-affirming process.
Eat well,
Guest Blogger: 5 Simple Ways to Overcome Procrastination
Posted on 2012-04-10 05:45:43
This is one of my personal favorite blogs and wanted to share this entry with you...
"How soon 'not now' becomes 'never'."
-Martin Luther
"A year from now you may wish you had started today."
-Karen Lamb
Procrastination is probably one of the most common problems people have in their day to day life. So find a procrastination solution that works for you.
Here are five of them. Try them out and see which one or ones that fit you the best.
1. Do the hardest thing first.
What this means is simply to do the hardest and most important task of the day first thing in the morning. A good start in the morning lifts your spirits and creates a positive momentum for the rest of the day. That often creates a pretty productive day.
2. How do you eat an elephant?
Don't try to take it all in one big bite. It becomes overwhelming which leads to procrastination. Split a task into small actionable steps. Then just focus on the first step and nothing else. Just do that one until it's done. Then move on to the next step.
3. Recognize that there is more pain in procrastinating than not.
If you have procrastinated a lot you might have discovered that you procrastinate to avoid doing something that is boring, hard etc. You want to avoid that pain. But after having some experience with procrastination you'll probably realise that procrastination itself causes your more pain than actually just doing what you were supposed to. Realising the true amount of pain in the two choices will make it easier to get things done.
4. Make a small deal with yourself.
Promise yourself that you'll work on something for just 5 minutes. After those 5 minutes you can do something else if you want to. But make a note in your schedule for when you will come back to the task and work another 5 minutes on it. No matter how unpleasant a task may be, you can often talk yourself into working 5 minutes on it.
I've found this one to be effective to make a dent in those tasks you have put off for a longer while. Because many times you will just continue working after those 5 minutes have passed. It is the first few minutes of getting started that is the hardest part.
5. Use my three step method for doing something even when you don't feel like it.
Mundane or routine tasks can be a bit boring. Maybe you have a lot or emails to reply to or phone calls to make. Batch them - do them all in row - to get them done quicker.
If you feel inner resistance and just can't get started try this three step method to be able to reduce that resistance, up your motivation and get going.
Step 1: Accept it.
When you feel resistance within towards doing something the natural instinct may be to try to push that feeling away. To brush it off. I have found that doing the opposite and just accepting that it is there can do wonders.
Tell yourself: "This is how I feel right now and I accept it".
This sounds counterintuitive and perhaps like you're giving up. However by accepting how you feel instead of resisting it you reduce the emotional energy that you are feeding into this problem. It then tends to just kinda lose speed like a car that runs out of fuel. And oftentimes it becomes so weak after while that it moves out of your inner focus and disappears.
This step may be all you need to reduce the negative feelings enough to be able to start taking action. If not, move on to the next step.
Step 2: List the positives.
After you have accepted how you feel list the positives of getting this thing done. Do it on paper, on your computer or just in your head.
When you don't feel like doing something it's very easy to get stuck and just focus on the negative aspects such as it being hard work or the risk of pain or failure.
So you need to change what you are focusing on to motivate yourself to take action. Making a list of positives like benefits and possible opportunities can be very effective for turning your focus around.
If you have problems getting started ask yourself questions that will empower you. Questions like:
- What is awesome about this situation?
- What is the hidden opportunity in this situation?
You can pretty much always find positives about anything. There are lessons to be learned about yourself and your world and opportunities to be found if you look at things the right way.
Step 3: Just do it.
You should now have reduced much of the resistance within and feel more motivated to start taking action and getting your thing done
It is at this point tempting to start thinking again. To reconsider and ponder. But I have found that if you do that then it easy to fall back into the same place where you began. You start to question doing this. Your focus starts to turn back to the negative aspects again.
So when I am at this point I usually just stop thinking and get my butt out of the chair. I get moving and I just do it.
I hope you'll find something here that helps you to decrease your procrastinating habit,
Henrik (The Postitivity Blog)
Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners – What's the Difference?
Posted on 2012-03-26 12:23:37
The typical North American derives 40-50% of their total caloric intake from carbohydrates. Approximately half of those come from simple (refined) sugars that have been added to food—many in the form of high fructose corn syrup, dextrose, honey, molasses, or refined sugars.
Even though there has been much negative press associating sugar intake with heart disease, diabetes, hyperactivity, and obesity, the only condition showing a direct cause-and-effect relationship with sugar consumption is cavities.
Due to sugar’s bad reputation, many Americans have switched from the more refined sugars (common table sugar) to the less refined sweeteners (honey and molasses). But what are the differences in these “nutritive” sweeteners and is one form of sweetener healthier than another?
Types of Sweeteners
We are all born with the capacity to sense sweetness. To what extent, along with the types and amounts of sweeteners we consume, vary from individual to individual. There are several ways dietary sweeteners can be classified or grouped. One way is to classify them as either nutritive or nonnutritive. The nutritive sweeteners provide a sweet taste and calories whereas the nonnutritive sweeteners are sweet tasting without the calories. Examples of nutritive sweeteners include refined table sugar, syrup, molasses, and brown sugar. Saccharin and aspartame are two popular types of nonnutritive sweeteners. On a larger scale, nutritive sweeteners are part of the carbohydrate family. All carbohydrates are made up of single sugar molecules called monosaccharides. The three most important monosaccharides in the diet are glucose, fructose, and galactose. When two sugar molecules combine this is called a disaccharide. Two common disaccharides are sucrose (glucose + fructose), which is common table sugar and lactose (glucose + galactose), the sugar found in milk. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are referred to as simple sugars whereas carbohydrates containing more sugar units linked together (oligosaccharides) are called complex carbohydrates (e.g. starch and fiber). One of the distinctions between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates is that the simple sugars are sweet to the taste. Simple sugars can be ranked as to their level of sweetness.
Following are some common simple sugars listed from most to least sweet:
- Fructose – most sweet
- Honey
- Molasses
- Sucrose (white refined sugar)
- Brown sugar
- Maple syrup
- Glucose
- Maltose
- Lactose – least sweet
Common Table Sugar vs. Other Less Refined Sugars
White sugar, honey, and molasses are all made up of varying levels of sucrose and its monomer units, fructose and glucose. When any of these sweeteners are consumed, all of the intact sucrose is broken down into fructose and glucose before being absorbed. Thus, by the time the sweetener is absorbed, our bodies cannot distinguish whether the fructose and glucose came from honey, molasses, or common table sugar. The main differences between these three sweeteners are the food source and amount of processing each product goes through. Even though these sweeteners all provide the same amount of energy (4 cal/g carbohydrate), the less refined sweeteners do provide more of the micronutrients than the more refined sugars.
Honey: Honey is derived from the sucrose-containing nectar of flowering plants. Bees convert much of the sucrose to fructose and glucose. This is why honey has a sweeter taste than white refined sugar. Honey provides only a trace of vitamins and minerals.
White refined sugar and brown sugar: White refined sugar (sucrose) is produced from either sugar cane or sugar beets. The refinement process removes the yellow-brown pigments leaving behind the crystallized sugar we know as common white sugar. Brown sugar is simply white sugar that has had molasses added at differing levels to give it its distinct color and flavor. The energy from white sugar is in the truest sense “empty calories” due to the fact it does not contribute any additional vitamins or minerals to the diet. Even though brown sugar contains a trace of potassium and minerals (due to the molasses in the product), it is still not a significant source of these micronutrients.
Molasses: Blackstrap molasses is the byproduct which remains in the refining process of cane sugar to white sugar. Further refining of blackstrap molasses produces medium and light molasses. Unlike refined white sugar, molasses does contain trace amounts of some vitamins and minerals such as potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorous, and magnesium. Even so, molasses is not a significant source of these micronutrients.
Nutritionally, there does not appear to be significant differences between honey, refined white sugar, brown sugar, or molasses. The primary difference between these nutritive sweeteners is the distinct flavor each provides when added to foods. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that our carbohydrate intake be 55-60% of our total caloric intake with the majority of those carbohydrates being complex carbohydrates. Try to use refined sugars in moderation and be aware of the simple sugar content of processed foods. Choose food products that can make the claim “no sugar added,” “without added sugar,” “less sugar,” or “reduced sugar.” The products with no additional sugar are best, but the ones with less or reduced sugar still provide less sugar than the typical product (e.g. “reduced sugar” chocolate chip cookies vs. typical chocolate chip cookies). It is best to get the majority of the simple sugars in the diet from fruits, vegetables, and milk, because along with the simple sugars contained in these foods you also have the benefit of consuming a significant amount of other health-promoting nutrients.
-Adapted from an article by Michele M. Doucette, PhD
I hope this helps clear up any confusion,
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Why You Should Drink More Water
Posted on 2012-03-05 08:59:42

Our bodies are made up of 43-75% water, and it’s an essential component of our health. The wide range in percentages comes from measuring different populations ranging from newborns (~75%) to obese people (~45%), with normal adult hydration at about 57-60%.
We can survive a month without food, but we’ll die after a week without water. The body is able to absorb many nutrients and salts better thanks to water’s ability to transport these nutrients and oxygen to our body’s cells and organs. Detoxifying is vitally important to our health, since it cleans our bodies of impurities. The best way to excrete these impurities is through urine and sweat – both of which depend on our water intake. Upping your water intake may help to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. The kidneys filter our waste products through the blood and out via urination. If the concentration of salt in our urine is high, and our water content low, this increases the risk of kidney stone formation. By drinking more water, this concentration of salts is reduced.
We are at risk of sunstroke if our bodies become dehydrated. When we sweat, this cools our body down. If dehydrated, the body cannot sweat and overheats, which can damage the body’s internal organs.
If you suffer from high blood pressure, maybe it’s your water intake that is the problem. When our bodies excrete and lose more than the optimal amount of liquid, our blood vessels constrict, which can cause our blood pressure to increase. If blood pressure is increased by a deficiency in water, this may also increase the risk of heart disease. Because the constricted blood vessels cause an increase in blood pressure, the heart works harder to compensate for the reduced volume of blood. Lower blood pressure and greater consumption of water help lower stress on the heart.
What’s more, drinking more water can help you stay younger looking. Drinking a lot of water helps keep the skin clean and fresh-looking by removing impurities through sweating. Water also helps to keep the skin hydrated, which means younger looking skin – sagging and wrinkled skin is usually a sign of dehydration. Drinking water also cuts hunger pangs and acts as a good filler. Water has zero calories, so consider trading in your sugary drinks and juices to help control your weight.
If increasing your water intake seems like a chore, why not add lemon or mint to your bottle to make it taste better? Eat more fruits rich in water such as watermelon, and try to drink water more regularly over the course of the day. I find having a glass of water or water bottle near you during the day has been shown to increase water consumption without effort.
Drink up!
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References Used
[1] http://www.jbc.org/content/203/1/359.full.pdf Accessed October 2011
[2] http://thetaoofgoodhealth.com/10-health-reasons-why-you-should-drink-more-water-4/ Accessed October 2011
[3] http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/generalhealth/ghea5288.html Accessed 2011
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